A natural languge understanding system must have knowledge about what the words mean, how words combine to form sentences, how word meanings combine to from sentence meanings and so on. The different forms of knowledge required for natural language understanding are given below. PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE Phonetics is the study of language at the level of […]
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INTRODUCTION Natural language understanding concerns with process of comprehending and using languages once the words are recognized. The objective is to specify a computational model that matches with humans in linguistic tasks such as reading, writing, hearing, and speaking. To develop a natural language understanding model, it is required to use knowledge from many disciplines including Linguistics, psycholinguistics, philosophy, and
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WHAT ARE SEMANTIC ROLES? Semantic roles, also known as thematic roles, are one of the oldest classes of constructs in linguistic theory. Semantic roles are used to indicate the role played by each entity in a sentence and are ranging from very specific to very general. The entities that are labelled should have participated in an
Universal Networking Language (UNL) is an Interlingua developed by UNDL foundation. UNL is in the form of semantic network to represent and exchange information. Concepts and relations enable encapsulation of the meaning of sentences. In UNL, a sentence can be considered as a hypergraph where each node is the concept and the links or arcs represent the relations
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Script grammar is a grammar at the level of scripts. It is a unique characteristic of Indian languages. Unlike western languages, Indian scripts are directly based on phonetics. The units of orthography are essentially C*V syllables where C denotes consonant sound and V denotes vowel sound. C*V syllables are known as aksharas, the atomic units
INTRODUCTION TO UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR Noam Chomsky Universal grammar is the brainchild of Noam Chomsky. In contrast to taxonomic approach of traditional grammar, universal grammar adopts cognitive approach. Cognition is the study of processes by means of which what human beings get to know the world. Human beings have tacit (i.e. Subconscious) knowledge of grammar. That is humans know how
Grammar studies the way in which words/morphemes join to form meaningful sentences. Grammar is a set of constraints on the possible sequences of symbols expressed as rules or principles. Syntax is the basic ingredient of grammar. Grammar tells us the difference between sets of sentences. Fundamental Units There are five fundamental units of grammatical structure:
Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) was developed by Kaplan and Bresnan in 1980’s. As the name suggests lexicon plays a major role in LFG. It claims having computational viability and cognition. LFG competes with Government and Binding theory. LFG has two levels of processing. In the first level, phrase structure rules (CFGs) are used to get
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Natural language generation (NLG) is the process of generating language sentences from thought. It is the process of producing meaningful phrases, sentences, and paragraphs from an internal representation. It is a part of natural language processing. The process of generation is done in three phases: identifying thee goals of the utterance, planning how the goals
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WHAT IS CHATBOT? Chatbot stands for chatter robot. It is a computer program which has the ability to chat with human users. Audio or text can be used as medium of communication. The primary aim of writing these conversational programs is to have a powerful tool that chat in such a way that the human user cannot
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